Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 192-199 , July 2007

Job demands and dementia risk among male twin pairs

  • Guy G. Potter

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: 919-682-6722; Fax: 919-687-0424.
    • ,
  • Michael J. Helms

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
    • ,
  • James R. Burke

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurology and Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
    • ,
  • David C. Steffens

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
    • ,
  • Brenda L. Plassman

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

References 

  1. Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2001;15:169–173
  2. Schaie KW. The course of adult intellectual development. Am Psychol. 1994;49:304–313
  3. Kohn ML, Schooler C. The reciprocal effects of the substantive complexity of work and intellectual flexibility: a longitudinal assessment. In:  Kohn ML,  Schooler C editor. Work and personality: an inquiry into the impact of social stratification. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp; 1983;p. 103–124
  4. Schooler C, Mulatu MS, Oates G. The continuing effects of substantively complex work on the intellectual functioning of older workers. Psychol Aging. 1999;14:483–506
  5. Stern Y, Mayeux R. Education, occupation, and Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA. 1994;272:1406
  6. Bonaiuto S, Rocca W, Lippi A, Giannandrea E, Mele M, Cavarzeran F, et al. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementia: a population-based case-control study. Neuroepidemiology. 1995;14:101–109
  7. Mortel KF, Meyer JS, Herod B, Thornby J. Education and occupation as risk factors for dementias of the Alzheimer and ischemic vascular type. Dementia. 1995;6:55–62
  8. Paykel ES, Brayne C, Huppert FA, Gill C, Barkley C, Gehlhaar E, et al. Incidence of dementia in a population older than 75 years in the United Kingdom. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:325–332
  9. Callahan C, Hall K, Hui SL, Musick B, Unverzagt F, Hendrie H. Relationship of age, education, and occupation with dementia among a community-based sample of African Americans. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:134–140
  10. Evans DA, Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Albert MS, Chown MJ, et al. Education and other measures of socioeconomic status and risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a defined population of older persons. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:1399–1405
  11. Jorm AF, Jolly D. The incidence of dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 1998;51:728–733
  12. Helmer C, Letenneur L, Rouch I, Richard-Harston S, Barberger-Gateau P, Fabrigoule C, et al. Occupation during life and risk of dementia in French elderly community residents. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001;71:303–309
  13. Karp A, Kareholt I, Qiu C, Bellander T, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Relation of education and occupation-based socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer’s disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:175–183
  14. Smyth KA, Fritsch T, Cook TB, McClendon MJ, Santillan CE, Friedland RP. Worker functions and traits associated with occupations and the development of AD. Neurology. 2004;498–503
  15. Andel R, Crowe M, Pedersen NL, Mortimer J, Crimmins E, Johansson B, et al. Complexity of work and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based study of Swedish twins. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005;60B:P251–P258
  16. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? (Theory and research application of the reserve concept). J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002;8:448–460
  17. Stern Y, Alexander GE, Prohovnik I, Stricks L, Link B, Lennon MC, et al. Relationship between lifetime occupation and parietal flow: implications for a reserve against Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Neurology. 1995;45:55–60
  18. Stern Y, Albert S, Tang MX, Tsai WY. Rate of memory decline in AD is related to education and occupation: cognitive reserve?. Neurology. 1999;53:1942–1947
  19. Andel R, Vigen C, Mack WJ, Clark LJ, Gatz M. The effect of education and occupational complexity on rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s patients. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006;12:147–152
  20. United States Employment Service. Dictionary of occupational titles. fourth edition, revised. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991;
  21. Jablon S, Neel JV, Gershowitz H, Atkinson GF. The NAS-NRC Twin Panel: methods of construction of the panel, zygosity diagnosis and proposed use. Am J Hum Genet. 1967;19:133–161
  22. Hrubec Z, Neel JV. The National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry: ten years of operation. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1978;24:153–172
  23. Reed T, Plassman BL, Tanner CM, Dick DM, Rinehart SA, Nichols WC. Verification of self-report of zygosity determined via DNA testing in a subset of the NAS-NRC Twin Registry 40 years later. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2005;8:362–367
  24. Plassman BL, Steffens DC, Burke JR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Newman TN, Drosdick D, et al. Duke Twins Study of Memory in Aging in the NAS-NRC Twin Registry. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006;9:950–957
  25. Welsh KA, Brandt J, Breitner JCS. Contributions of neuropsychology to epidemiological studies of dementia: sequential screening methods for dementia in geographically disperse populations. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1993;15:391–392
  26. Jorm AF, Jacomb PA. The informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychol Med. 1989;19:1015–1022
  27. Silverman JM, Keefe RS, Mohs RC, Davis KL. A study of the reliability of the family history method in genetic studies of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1989;3:218–223
  28. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Third edition-revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1987;
  29. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–944
  30. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, et al. Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology. 1993;43:250–260
  31. Lund and Manchester Groups. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57:416–418
  32. McKeith IG, Galasko D, Kosaka K, Perry EK, Dickson DW, Hansen LA, et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop. Neurology. 1996;47:1113–1124
  33. Plassman BL, Khachaturian AS, Townsend JJ, Ball MJ, Steffens DC, Leslie CE, et al. Comparison of clinical and neuropathological diagnoses of AD in three epidemiological samples. Alzheimers Dementia. 2006;2:2–11
  34. Shrout PE, Fleiss JL. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull. 1979;86:420–428
  35. U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration. The revised handbook for analyzing jobs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1991;
  36. Allison PD. Survival analysis using the SAS system: a practical guide. Cary, NC: SAS Publications; 1995;
  37. Jorm AF, Korten AE, Henderson AS. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987;76:465–479
  38. SAS. SAS release 9.1 [program]. Cary, NC: SAS, 2003.
  39. Gatz M, Fratiglioni L, Johansson B, Berg S, Mortimer JA, Reynolds CA, et al. Complete ascertainment of dementia in the Swedish Twin Registry: the HARMONY Study. Neurobiol Aging. 2005;26:439–447
  40. Committee on Occupational Classification and Analysis Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences National Research Council. Work, jobs, and occupations: a critical review of the dictionary of occupational titles. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1980;

PII: S1552-5260(07)00471-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.04.377

Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 3, Issue 3 , Pages 192-199 , July 2007

Article Tools