« Previous
Next »
Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 3, Issue 4
, Pages 266-282
, October 2007
Mild cognitive impairment and cognitive impairment, no dementia: Part A, concept and diagnosis
References
- Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1–12
- . Asssessing the clinical effectiveness of preventive manoeuvers: analytical principles and systematic methods in reviewing evidence and developing clinical practice recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:891–905
- . The incidence of dementia in Canada: the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Neurology. 2000;55:66–73
- . If we live long enough, will we all be demented?. Neurology. 1994;44:1563–1565
- . Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of the Department of Health Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology. 1984;34:939–944
- . Age-associated memory impairment: proposed diagnostic criteria and measures of clinical change: report of a National Institute of Mental Helath Work Group. Dev Neuropsychol. 1986;2:261–276
- . Criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment: proposed revisions from the field. Dev Neuropsychol. 1989;5:295–306
- A follow-up study of age-associated memory impairment: neuropsychological predictors of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1995;43:1007–1015
- . Age-associated memory impairment: definition and psychometric characteristics. Aging Neuropsychology & Cognition. 1996;3:118–131
- . Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging. In: Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc; 1991;p. 438
- Memory decline in healthy older people: implications for identifying mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2001;56:1533–1538
- . The effects of preclinical dementia on estimates of normal cognitive functioning in aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996;51:217–225
- Neuropathology of older persons without cognitive impairment from two community-based studies. Neurology. 2006;66:1837–1844
- . Cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND): longitudinal studies, the findings and the issues. Clin Neuropsychol. 2000;14:504–525
- Prevalence and severity of cognitive impairment with and without dementia in an elderly population. Lancet. 1997;349:1793–1796
- . Cognitive impairment in the nondemented elderly: results from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Arch Neurol. 1995;52:612–619
- Five-year follow-up of cognitive impairment with no dementia. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:577–582
- A Canadian cohort study of cognitive impairment and related dementias (ACCORD): study methods and baseline results. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22:265–274
- . Differential evolution in non-demented older persons: results from the Kungsholmen Project. Am J.Psychiatry. 2002;159:436–442
- . The meaning of cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1985;33:228–235
- . A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1982;140:566–572
- Very mild Alzheimer’s disease: informant-based clinical, psychometric, and pathologic distinction from normal aging. Neurology. 1991;41:469–478
- . Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24:661–663
- . Neuropsychological prediction of decline to dementia in nondemented elderly. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1999;12:168–179
- . Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? a review of clinical and population-based studies. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15:983–991
- . Do subjective memory complaints precede dementia? a three-year follow-up of patients with supposed “benign senescent forgetfulness”. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1992;7:481–486
- . A longitudinal study of cognitive function in elderly persons with subjective memory complaints. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993;41:1029–1032
- . Report of the working party of the International Psychogeriatric Association in collaboratino with the World Health Organization: aging-associated cognitive decline [published erratum appears in Int Psychogeriatr 1994;6:133]. Int Psychogeriatr. 1994;6:63–68
- . Use of structural imaging to study the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Br Med Bull. 1996;52:3
- . Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:303–308
- . Practice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review)—report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2001;56:1133–1142
- Apolipoprotein E status as a predictor of the development of Alzheimer’s disease in memory-impaired individuals [published erratum appears in JAMA 1995;274:538]. JAMA. 1995;273:1274–1278
- . Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med. 2004;256:183–194
- . Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: an epidemiologic study. Neurology. 2004;63:115–121
- . Risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in a population study. Neurology. 2002;58:A238
- . Mild memory loss in the elderly: can we predict development in dementia?. Can J Neurol Sci. 1998;25:1;S4
- . Misclassification is likely in the assessment of mild cognitive impairment. Neuroepidemiology. 2004;23:185–191
- Mild cognitive impairment: beyond controversies, towards a consensus—report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med. 2004;256:240–246
- . What are the characteristics of patients with mild cognitive impairment who do not progress to dementia?. The American Neurological Association, San Francisco, CA, Oct 21 2003;
- . Mild cognitive impairment (the danger of basing the diagnosis on published normative groups (P3-072)). Paper presented at ICAD-Alzheimer’s Association 10th International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders 2006;Madrid, Spain
- Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in medical practice: a critical review of the concept and new diagnostic procedure—report of the MCI Working Group of the European Consortium on Alzheimer’s Disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:714–718
- . ADSC Cooperative Study: rate of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 1996;46:A403
- . Ten-year risk of dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2006;67:1201–1207
- . Predicting progression to dementia in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment (a multidisciplinary approach). Paper presented at 2001 Contemporary Clinical Issues Plenary Session, 53rd Annual Meeting American Academy of Neurology 2001;Philadelphia, PA
- . A typology of sub-clinical senescent cognitive disorder. B J Psychiatry. 1996;168:470–476
- Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:397–405
- . Mild cognitive impairment: directions for future research. Neurology. 2003;61:438–444
- Utility of a modified Mini-Mental State Examination with extended delayed recall in screening for mild cognitive impairment and dementia among community dwelling elders. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000;15:434–440
- . Classification criteria for mild cognitive impairment: a population-based validation study. Neurology. 2001;56:37–42
- . Mild cognitive impairment: conceptual basis and current nosological status. Lancet. 2000;355:225–228
- . Standard neuropsychological tests do not predict development of Alzheimer’s Disease in indivduals with “Age-associated Cognitive Decline”. Can J Neurol Sci. 1998;25(Suppl 1):S27
- . Memory changes in normal aging. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 1994;3:1558
- . Disability and mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal population-based study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;16:1092–1097
- . Distinction between preclinical Alzheimer’s disease and depression. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2000;48:479–484
- . Primary degenerative mild cognitive impairment: study population, clinical, brain imaging and biochemical findings. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001;12:379–386
- . Evolution of AD pathology in the aging brain. Paper presented at American Academy of Neurology 2002;Geneva, Switzerland
- . Neuropatholic substrate of mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:38–46
- Neuropathology of cognitively normal elderly. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2003;62:1087–1095
- . Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions. Neurology. 2005;64:83441
- Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 1999;281:1401–1406
- . Cholinergic upregulation in hippocampus in mild cognitive impairment (relation to Alzheimer Neuropathology). Paper presented at 54th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Denver, Colorado, April 13-20 2002;
- . Predicting conversion to Alzheimer disease using standardized clinical information. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:675–680
- . Variations in case definition affect prevalence but not outcomes of mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2003;61:1179–1184
- . An analysis of vascular risk factors and ApoE genotype in subtypes of dementia in the ACCORD study. Neurology. 2002;58(Suppl 3):A107
- . Association between apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and the rate of cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly individuals with and without dementia. Arch Neurol. 1998;55:1065–1069
- . APOE-epsilon4 is associated with memory decline in cognitively impaired elderly. Neurology. 2000;54:1492–1497
- . Three-year changes in cognitive performance as a function of apolipoprotein E genotype: evidence from very old adults without dementia. Psychology & Aging. 1998;13:80–87
- . Identification of cognitive impairment in the elderly: homocysteine is an early marker. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1999;10:12–20
- . Plasma total cholesterol, LDL, HDL levels and the risk of Alzheimer disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurology. 2002;58:A106
- Inflammatory markers and cognitive decline in well-functioning elders: the Health ABC Study. Neurology. 2002;58:A106
- Rate of medial temporal lobe atrophy in typical aging and Alzheimers disease. Neurology. 1998;51:993–999
- . Increased rates of atrophy in early and preclinical AD: studies with registration of serial MRI. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21:S74
- Rates of hippocampal atrophy correlate with change in clinical status in aging and AD. Neurology. 2000;55:484–489
- . Longitudinal measures of hippocampal formation pathology and CSF measures of phospho-tau and amyloid beta: early markers for Alzheimer disease. Paper presented at Seventh International Geneva/Springfield symposium on advances in Alzheimer Therapy 2002;Geneva, Switzerland
- Prediction of cognitive decline in normal elderly subjects with 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose/poitron-emission tomography (FDG/PET). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:10966–10971
- Preclinical evidence of Alzheimer’s disease in persons homozygous for the epsilon 4 allele for apolipoprotein E. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:752–758
- . Lack of prognostic significance of SPECT abnormalities in non-demented elderly subjects with memory loss. Can J Neurol Sci. 1999;26:23–28
- Preclinical prediction of Alzheimer’s disease using SPECT. Neurology. 1998;50:1563–1571
- Regional metabolic patterns in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a 1H MRS study. Neurology. 2000;55:210–217
- . PET activation in MCI and AD patients. Paper presented at Seventh Annual Springfield/Geneva symposium on advances in Alzheimer Therapy 2002;Geneva, Switzerland
- Patterns of brain activation in people at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:450–456
- . The cognitive transition from normal aging to AD. Paper presented at the Seventh Springfield/Geneva symposium on advances in Alzheimer Therapy 2002;Geneva, Switzerland
- . Mild cognitive impairments predict dementia in non-demented elderly patients with memory loss. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:411–416
- . The prediction of Alzheimer disease: the role of patient and informant perceptions of cognitive deficits. Arch Neurol. 1996;53:423–427
- . Questionable dementia: clinical course and predictors of outcome. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45:321–328
- Olfactory deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment predict Alzheimer’s disease at follow-up. Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157:1399–1405
- . Preclinical prediction of AD using neuropsychological tests. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2001;7:631–639
- Impaired olfaction as a marker for cognitive decline: interaction with apolipoprotein E epsilon4 status. Neurology. 1999;53:1480–1487
- . Evaluation of heme oxygenase-1 as a systemic biological marker of sporadic AD. Neurology. 2000;54:1297–1304
- Cerebrospinal fluid tau and Abeta42 as predictors of development of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Neurosci Lett. 1999;273:5–8
- . Preclinical Alzheimer disease: neuropsychological test performance 1.5 to 8 years prior to onset. Neurology. 2004;63:2341–2347
- . The predementia diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2004;18:51–53
- . Mild cognitive impairment. Clin Geriatr Med. 2004;20:15–25
- Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology. 2002;59:198–205
- . Amnestic MCI or prodromal Alzheimer’s disease?. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3:246–248
- . Mild cognitive impairment is early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2006;63:15–16
- . Update on mild cognitive impairment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2003;3:379–384
- . Mild cognitive impairment: an epidemiological perspective. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2004;6:401–408
- Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology. 2002;59:1594–1599
- The prognosis of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1998;54:31–50
- . Five year follow-up of mild cognitive impairment. predictors of progression—the 8th International Conference on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders. Stockholm, Sweden, July 2002;
- . Conceptualization of mild cognitive impairment: a review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;19:313–319
- . Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome—correction. Arch Neurol. 1999;56:6
- . An analysis of systems of classifying mild cognitive impairment in older people. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2002;36:133–140
- . Mild cognitive impairment. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13:645–655
- . Mild cognitive impairment: prevalence, prognosis, aetiology, and treatment. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:15–21
- Efficacy of donepezil in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2004;63:651–657
- Current concepts in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2001;58:1985–1992
- . Treatment of mild cognitive impairment: rationale, present and future strategies. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2003;179:83–93
- DemTect: a new, sensitive cognitive screening test to support the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;19:136–143
- Memory evaluation with a new cued recall test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol. 2005;252:47–55
- The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:695–699
- The clock drawing test as a valid screening method for mild cognitive impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2004;18:172–179
- . Screening for mild cognitive impairment: comparing the SMMSE and the ABCS. Can J Psychiatry. 2005;50:52–58
- . Cross-cultural comparison of mild cognitive impairment between China and USA. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2004;1:55–61
- . The detection of mild cognitive impairment in the general practice setting. Aging Ment Health. 2003;7:251–258
- Comparison of the short test of mental status and the mini-mental state examination in mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1777–1781
- Methods to improve the detection of mild cognitive impairment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:4919–4924
- . Simplifying detection of cognitive impairment: comparison of the Mini-Cog and Mini-Mental State Examination in a multiethnic sample. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:871–874
- . Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002;40:771–781
- . Diagnostic utility of abbreviated fluency measures in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Neurology. 2004;62:556–562
- . Mild cognitive impairment can be detected by multiple assessments in a single day. Neurology. 2002;59:1042–1046Oct 8
- . Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study in elderly subjects. Acta Neurol Scand. 2002;106:148–154
- . Magnetization transfer ratio in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of Alzheimer’s type. Neuroimage. 2002;15:604–610
- . Subclassifications for mild cognitive impairment: prevalence and predictive validity. Psychol Med. 2003;33:1029–1038
- . Homogeneity and heterogeneity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of 55 cases. Brain. 2003;126:2350–2362
- Prevalence and classification of mild cognitive impairment in the Cardiovascular Health Study Cognition Study: part 1. Arch Neurol. 2003;60:1385–1389
- . Impact of APOE in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2004;63(10):1898–1901Nov 23
- Behavioral symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2004;62:1199–1201
- Mild cognitive impairment can be distinguished from Alzheimer disease and normal aging for clinical trials. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:59–66
- Vascular risk factors, incidence of MCI, and rates of progression to dementia. Neurology. 2004;63:1882–1891
- . Stability and predictability of the classification of mild cognitive impairment as assessed by episodic memory test performance over time. Neurocase. 2005;11:72–79
- Predictive utility of apolipoprotein E genotype for Alzheimer disease in outpatients with mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol. 2005;62:975–980
- . Mild cognitive impairment: an operational definition and its conversion rate to Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;19(5-6):383–389
- Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in 60- to 64-year-old community-dwelling individuals: The Personality and Total Health through Life 60+ Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2005;19:67–74
- . Mild cognitive impairment and 10-year trajectories of disability in the Iowa Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly cohort. J Am Geriatr So. 2005;53:1966–1972
- . Do MCI criteria in drug trials accurately identify subjects with predementia Alzheimer’s disease?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1348–1354
- Leisure activities and the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Neurology. 2006;66:821
PII: S1552-5260(07)00562-6
doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.07.013
© 2007 The Alzheimer’s Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 3, Issue 4
, Pages 266-282
, October 2007
