Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 5, Issue 4 , Pages 318-323 , July 2009

Elevated C-reactive protein levels are associated with prevalent dementia in the oldest-old

  • B. Adar Kravitz

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: 949-824-9125; Fax: 949-824-4165.
  • ,
  • Maria M. Corrada

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
    • Department of Neurology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
  • ,
  • Claudia H. Kawas

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
    • Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
    • Department of Neurology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

References 

  1. Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, Bradt B, Bauer J, Cole GM, et al. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000;21:383–421
  2. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1805–1812
  3. Iwamoto N, Nishiyama E, Ohwada J, Arai H. Demonstration of CRP immunoreactivity in brains of Alzheimer's disease: immunohistochemical study using formic acid pretreatment of tissue sections. Neurosci Lett. 1994;177:23–26
  4. Duong T, Nikolaeva M, Acton PJ. C-reactive protein-like immunoreactivity in the neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 1997;749:152–156
  5. Malaguarnera M, Bella R, Alagona G, Ferri R, Carnemolla A, Pennisi G. Helicobacter pylori and Alzheimer's disease: a possible link. Eur J Intern Med. 2004;15:381–386
  6. Gupta A, Watkins A, Thomas P, Majer R, Habubi N, Morris G, et al. Coagulation and inflammatory markers in Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59:52–57
  7. Dimopoulos N, Piperi C, Salonicioti A, Mitropoulos P, Kallai E, Liappas I, et al. Indices of low-grade chronic inflammation correlate with early cognitive deterioration in an elderly Greek population. Neurosci Lett. 2006;398:118–123
  8. Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Curb JD, Masaki K, White LR, Launer LJ. Early inflammation and dementia: a 25-year follow-up of the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Ann Neurol. 2002;52:168–174
  9. Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Meijer J, Kiliaan A, Ruitenberg A, van Swieten JC, et al. Inflammatory proteins in plasma and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:668–672
  10. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, Chiappelli M, Montesi F, Tumini E, et al. Blood inflammatory markers and risk of dementia: the Conselice Study of Brain Aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2007;28:1810–1820
  11. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM. Distribution of C-reactive protein values in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1611–1613
  12. Wan H, Sengupta M, Velkoff VA, DeBarros KA. United States Census Bureau. 65+ in the United States: 2005. Current Population Reports. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2005;p.23–209
  13. Bruunsgaard H, Andersen-Ranberg K, Jeune B, Pedersen AN, Skinhoj P, Pedersen BK. A high plasma concentration of TNF-alpha is associated with dementia in centenarians. J Gerontol [A] Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54:M357–M364
  14. Bruunsgaard H, Benfield TL, Andersen-Ranberg K, Hjelmborg JVB, Pedersen AN, Schroll M, et al. The tumor necrosis factor alpha 308 G > A polymorphism is associated with dementia in the oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52:1361–1366
  15. Whittle C, Corrada MM, Dick M, Ziegler R, Kahle-Wrobleski K, Paganini-Hill A, et al. Neuropsychological data in non-demented oldest-old: the 90+ Study. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007;29:290–299
  16. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed.. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2004;
  17. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-Mental State: a practical method for grading the state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–198
  18. Morris JC. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology. 1993;43:2412–2414
  19. Azad NA, Al Bugami M, Loy-English I. Gender differences in dementia risk factors. Gend Med. 2007;4:120–129
  20. Duong T, Acton PJ, Johnson RA. The in vitro neuronal toxicity of pentraxins associated with Alzheimer's disease brain lesions. Brain Res. 1998;813:303–312
  21. Ferri C, Croce G, Cofini V, De Berardinis G, Grassi D, Casale R, et al. C-reactive protein: interaction with the vascular endothelium and possible role in human atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13:1631–1645
  22. Jialal I, Devaraj S, Singh U. C-reactive protein and the vascular endothelium: implications for plaque instability. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1379–1381
  23. Uchikado H, Akiyama H, Kondo H, Ikeda K, Tsuchiya K, Kato M, et al. Activation of vascular endothelial cells and perivascular cells by systemic inflammation—an immunohistochemical study of postmortem human brain tissues. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 2004;107:341–351
  24. Blauw GJ, Bollen E, van Buchem MA, Westendorp RGJ. Dementia at old age: a clinical end-point of atherosclerotic disease. Eur Heart J. 2001;3(Suppl):N16–N19
  25. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO, Criqui M, et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2003;107:499–511

PII: S1552-5260(09)00105-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2009.04.1230

Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
Volume 5, Issue 4 , Pages 318-323 , July 2009