Sugary beverage intake and preclinical Alzheimer's disease in the community
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Fig. 1
Study flow diagram. Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.
Fig. 2
Association between total sugary beverage consumption and (A) total brain volume, (B) hippocampal volume, and (C) Logical Memory. Bars and whiskers represent adjusted least square means and standard error. Means are adjusted for model 1 covariates. Intake of <1/day serves as the reference group. ***P < .001.
Abstract
Introduction
Excess sugar consumption has been linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in animal models.
Methods
We examined the cross-sectional association of sugary beverage consumption with neuropsychological (N = 4276) and magnetic resonance imaging (N = 3846) markers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease and vascular brain injury (VBI) in the community-based Framingham Heart Study. Intake of sugary beverages was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire.
Results
Relative to consuming less than one sugary beverage per day, higher intake of sugary beverages was associated with lower total brain volume (1–2/day, β ± standard error [SE] = −0.55 ± 0.14 mean percent difference, P = .0002; >2/day, β ± SE = −0.68 ± 0.18, P < .0001), and poorer performance on tests of episodic memory (all P < .01). Daily fruit juice intake was associated with lower total brain volume, hippocampal volume, and poorer episodic memory (all P < .05). Sugary beverage intake was not associated with VBI in a consistent manner across outcomes.
Discussion
Higher intake of sugary beverages was associated cross-sectionally with markers of preclinical AD.
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